| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Research |
Mr. Bohannon is Chief, Department of Physical Therapy, Southeastern Regional Rehabilitation Center, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, PO Box 2000, Owen Dr, Fayetteville, NC 28302 (USA).
Ms. Smith is Senior Physical Therapist, Southeastern Regional Rehabilitation Center.
We undertook this investigation to determine the interrater reliability of manual tests of elbow flexor muscle spasticity graded on a modified Ashworth scale. We each independently graded the elbow flexor muscle spasticity of 30 patients with intracranial lesions. We agreed on 86.7% of our ratings. The Kendall's tau correlation between our grades was .847 (p < .001). Thus, the relationship between the raters' judgments was significant and the reliability was good. Although the results were limited to the elbow flexor muscle group, we believe them to be positive enough to encourage further trials of the modified Ashworth scale for grading spasticity.
Key Words: Elbow • Muscle spasticity • Physical therapy
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M M Mirbagheri, C Tsao, and W Z Rymer Natural history of neuromuscular properties after stroke: a longitudinal study J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, November 1, 2009; 80(11): 1212 - 1217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. L. Widener, D. D. Allen, and C. Gibson-Horn Randomized Clinical Trial of Balance-Based Torso Weighting for Improving Upright Mobility in People with Multiple Sclerosis Neurorehabil Neural Repair, October 1, 2009; 23(8): 784 - 791. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Lo, P. Guarino, H. I. Krebs, B. T. Volpe, C. T. Bever, P. W. Duncan, R. J. Ringer, T. H. Wagner, L. G. Richards, D. M. Bravata, et al. Multicenter Randomized Trial of Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation for Chronic Stroke: Methods and Entry Characteristics for VA ROBOTICS Neurorehabil Neural Repair, October 1, 2009; 23(8): 775 - 783. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Kaishou Xu, Tiebin Yan, and Jianning Mai A randomized controlled trial to compare two botulinum toxin injection techniques on the functional improvement of the leg of children with cerebral palsy Clinical Rehabilitation, September 1, 2009; 23(9): 800 - 811. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Schyns, L. Paul, K. Finlay, C. Ferguson, and E. Noble Vibration therapy in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study exploring its effects on tone, muscle force, sensation and functional performance Clinical Rehabilitation, September 1, 2009; 23(9): 771 - 781. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Page, S. Maslyn, V. H. Hermann, A. Wu, K. Dunning, and P. G. Levine Activity-Based Electrical Stimulation Training in a Stroke Patient With Minimal Movement in the Paretic Upper Extremity Neurorehabil Neural Repair, July 1, 2009; 23(6): 595 - 599. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Andreasen, J Jakobsen, T Petersen, and H Andersen Fatigued patients with multiple sclerosis have impaired central muscle activation Multiple Sclerosis, July 1, 2009; 15(7): 818 - 827. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Cousins, A. B. Ward, C. Roffe, L. D. Rimington, and A. D. Pandyan Quantitative Measurement of Poststroke Spasticity and Response to Treatment With Botulinum Toxin: A 2-Patient Case Report Physical Therapy, July 1, 2009; 89(7): 688 - 697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Van den Berg-Vos, J. Visser, S. Kalmijn, K. Fischer, M. de Visser, V. de Jong, R. J. de Haan, H. Franssen, J. H. J. Wokke, and L. H. Van den Berg A Long-term Prospective Study of the Natural Course of Sporadic Adult-Onset Lower Motor Neuron Syndromes Arch Neurol, June 1, 2009; 66(6): 751 - 757. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. U. Blicher, J. Jakobsen, G. Andersen, and J. F. Nielsen Cortical Excitability in Chronic Stroke and Modulation by Training: A TMS Study Neurorehabil Neural Repair, June 1, 2009; 23(5): 486 - 493. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-c. Lin, Y.-w. Hsieh, C.-y. Wu, C.-l. Chen, Y. Jang, and J.-s. Liu Minimal Detectable Change and Clinically Important Difference of the Wolf Motor Function Test in Stroke Patients Neurorehabil Neural Repair, June 1, 2009; 23(5): 429 - 434. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Hammer and B. Lindmark Effects of Forced Use on Arm Function in the Subacute Phase After Stroke: A Randomized, Clinical Pilot Study Physical Therapy, June 1, 2009; 89(6): 526 - 539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Klaiput and W. Kitisomprayoonkul Increased Pinch Strength in Acute and Subacute Stroke Patients After Simultaneous Median and Ulnar Sensory Stimulation Neurorehabil Neural Repair, May 1, 2009; 23(4): 351 - 356. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-c. Lin, Y.-h. Huang, Y.-w. Hsieh, and C.-y. Wu Potential Predictors of Motor and Functional Outcomes After Distributed Constraint-Induced Therapy for Patients With Stroke Neurorehabil Neural Repair, May 1, 2009; 23(4): 336 - 342. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. Levin, J. A. Kleim, and S. L. Wolf What Do Motor "Recovery" and "Compensation" Mean in Patients Following Stroke? Neurorehabil Neural Repair, May 1, 2009; 23(4): 313 - 319. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Page, J. P. Szaflarski, J. C. Eliassen, H. Pan, and S. C. Cramer Cortical Plasticity Following Motor Skill Learning During Mental Practice in Stroke Neurorehabil Neural Repair, May 1, 2009; 23(4): 382 - 388. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Hammer and B. Lindmark Is forced use of the paretic upper limb beneficial? A randomized pilot study during subacute post-stroke recovery Clinical Rehabilitation, May 1, 2009; 23(5): 424 - 433. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D M Simpson, J M Gracies, S A Yablon, R Barbano, A Brashear, and the BoNT/TZD Study Team Botulinum neurotoxin versus tizanidine in upper limb spasticity: a placebo-controlled study J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, April 1, 2009; 80(4): 380 - 385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Brugman, J. H. Veldink, H. Franssen, M. de Visser, J. M. B.V. de Jong, C. G. Faber, B. H. P. Kremer, H. J. Schelhaas, P. A. van Doorn, J. J. G. M. Verschuuren, et al. Differentiation of Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis From Primary Lateral Sclerosis in Sporadic Adult-Onset Upper Motor Neuron Syndromes Arch Neurol, April 1, 2009; 66(4): 509 - 514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Casadio, P. Giannoni, P. Morasso, and V. Sanguineti A proof of concept study for the integration of robot therapy with physiotherapy in the treatment of stroke patients Clinical Rehabilitation, March 1, 2009; 23(3): 217 - 228. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Nilsagard, C. Lundholm, E. Denison, and L-G. Gunnarsson Predicting accidental falls in people with multiple sclerosis -- a longitudinal study Clinical Rehabilitation, March 1, 2009; 23(3): 259 - 269. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Lidstrom, G. Ahlsten, H. Hirchfeld, and S. Norrlin Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of Myotonometer Measurements of Muscle Tone in Children J Child Neurol, March 1, 2009; 24(3): 267 - 274. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Bovend'Eerdt, H. Dawes, C. Sackley, H. Izadi, and D. T Wade Mental techniques during manual stretching in spasticity -- a pilot randomized controlled trial Clinical Rehabilitation, February 1, 2009; 23(2): 137 - 145. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-c. Lin, C.-y. Wu, J.-s. Liu, Y.-t. Chen, and C.-j. Hsu Constraint-Induced Therapy Versus Dose-Matched Control Intervention to Improve Motor Ability, Basic/Extended Daily Functions, and Quality of Life in Stroke Neurorehabil Neural Repair, February 1, 2009; 23(2): 160 - 165. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Fujiwara, Y. Kasashima, K. Honaga, Y. Muraoka, T. Tsuji, R. Osu, K. Hase, Y. Masakado, and M. Liu Motor Improvement and Corticospinal Modulation Induced by Hybrid Assistive Neuromuscular Dynamic Stimulation (HANDS) Therapy in Patients With Chronic Stroke Neurorehabil Neural Repair, February 1, 2009; 23(2): 125 - 132. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J. Page, P. Levine, and J. C. Khoury Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy Combined With Mental Practice: Thinking Through Better Motor Outcomes Stroke, February 1, 2009; 40(2): 551 - 554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-C. Hu, Y.-C. Chuang, J.-P. Liu, K.-L. Chien, Y.-M. Chen, and Y.-F. Chen Botulinum toxin (Dysport) treatment of the spastic gastrocnemius muscle in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized trial comparing two injection volumes Clinical Rehabilitation, January 1, 2009; 23(1): 64 - 71. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Udby Blicher and J. F. Nielsen Evidence of Increased Motoneuron Excitability in Stroke Patients Without Clinical Spasticity Neurorehabil Neural Repair, January 1, 2009; 23(1): 14 - 16. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Gao and L.-Q. Zhang Altered contractile properties of the gastrocnemius muscle poststroke J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2008; 105(6): 1802 - 1808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J L. Crow and B. C Harmeling-van der Wel Hierarchical Properties of the Motor Function Sections of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale for People After Stroke: A Retrospective Study Physical Therapy, December 1, 2008; 88(12): 1554 - 1567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Turk, S. V. Notley, R. M. Pickering, D. M. Simpson, P. A. Wright, and J. H. Burridge Reliability and Sensitivity of a Wrist Rig to Measure Motor Control and Spasticity in Poststroke Hemiplegia Neurorehabil Neural Repair, November 1, 2008; 22(6): 684 - 696. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Gironi, F Martinelli-Boneschi, P Sacerdote, C Solaro, M Zaffaroni, R Cavarretta, L Moiola, S Bucello, M Radaelli, V Pilato, et al. A pilot trial of low-dose naltrexone in primary progressive multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, September 1, 2008; 14(8): 1076 - 1083. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Floel, F. Hummel, J. Duque, S. Knecht, and L. G. Cohen Influence of Somatosensory Input on Interhemispheric Interactions in Patients With Chronic Stroke Neurorehabil Neural Repair, September 1, 2008; 22(5): 477 - 485. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Wasner, B. B. Lee, S. Engel, and E. McLachlan Residual spinothalamic tract pathways predict development of central pain after spinal cord injury Brain, September 1, 2008; 131(9): 2387 - 2400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Krause, J. Szecsi, and A. Straube Changes in spastic muscle tone increase in patients with spinal cord injury using functional electrical stimulation and passive leg movements Clinical Rehabilitation, July 1, 2008; 22(7): 627 - 634. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Ellis, T. Sukal, T. DeMott, and J. P. A. Dewald Augmenting Clinical Evaluation of Hemiparetic Arm Movement With a Laboratory-Based Quantitative Measurement of Kinematics as a Function of Limb Loading Neurorehabil Neural Repair, July 1, 2008; 22(4): 321 - 329. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. T. Volpe, D. Lynch, A. Rykman-Berland, M. Ferraro, M. Galgano, N. Hogan, and H. I. Krebs Intensive Sensorimotor Arm Training Mediated by Therapist or Robot Improves Hemiparesis in Patients With Chronic Stroke Neurorehabil Neural Repair, June 1, 2008; 22(3): 305 - 310. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. N. Barker, S. G. Brauer, and R. G. Carson Training of Reaching in Stroke Survivors With Severe and Chronic Upper Limb Paresis Using a Novel Nonrobotic Device: A Randomized Clinical Trial Stroke, June 1, 2008; 39(6): 1800 - 1807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. G. Hornby, D. D. Campbell, J. H. Kahn, T. Demott, J. L. Moore, and H. R. Roth Enhanced Gait-Related Improvements After Therapist- Versus Robotic-Assisted Locomotor Training in Subjects With Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Study Stroke, June 1, 2008; 39(6): 1786 - 1792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K S de Boer, H J Arwert, J H de Groot, C G M Meskers, A D R. Mishre, and J H Arendzen Shoulder pain and external rotation in spastic hemiplegia do not improve by injection of botulinum toxin A into the subscapular muscle J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, May 1, 2008; 79(5): 581 - 583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M Wagner, J. A Rhodes, and C. Patten Reproducibility and Minimal Detectable Change of Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis of Reaching Tasks in People With Hemiparesis After Stroke Physical Therapy, May 1, 2008; 88(5): 652 - 663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Carey, C. D. Evans, D. C. Anderson, E. Bhatt, A. Nagpal, T. J. Kimberley, and A. Pascual-Leone Safety of 6-Hz Primed Low-Frequency rTMS in Stroke Neurorehabil Neural Repair, April 1, 2008; 22(2): 185 - 192. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J Page, P. Levine, A. Leonard, J. P Szaflarski, and B. M Kissela Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy in Chronic Stroke: Results of a Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial Physical Therapy, March 1, 2008; 88(3): 333 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Dunning, A. Berberich, B. Albers, K. Mortellite, P. G Levine, V. A Hill Hermann, and S. J Page A Four-Week, Task-Specific Neuroprosthesis Program for a Person With No Active Wrist or Finger Movement Because of Chronic Stroke Physical Therapy, March 1, 2008; 88(3): 397 - 405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Buch, C. Weber, L. G. Cohen, C. Braun, M. A. Dimyan, T. Ard, J. Mellinger, A. Caria, S. Soekadar, A. Fourkas, et al. Think to Move: a Neuromagnetic Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) System for Chronic Stroke Stroke, March 1, 2008; 39(3): 910 - 917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Jigjid, N. Kawashima, H. Ogata, K. Nakazawa, M. Akai, F. Eto, and N. Haga Effects of Passive Leg Movement on the Oxygenation Level of Lower Limb Muscle in Chronic Stroke Patients Neurorehabil Neural Repair, February 1, 2008; 22(1): 40 - 49. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Paltamaa, T. Sarasoja, E. Leskinen, J. Wikstrom, and E. Malkia Measuring Deterioration in International Classification of Functioning Domains of People With Multiple Sclerosis Who Are Ambulatory Physical Therapy, February 1, 2008; 88(2): 176 - 190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. K. Graham, R. Boyd, J. B. Carlin, F. Dobson, K. Lowe, G. Nattrass, P. Thomason, R. Wolfe, and D. Reddihough Does Botulinum Toxin A Combined with Bracing Prevent Hip Displacement in Children with Cerebral Palsy and "Hips at Risk"? A Randomized, Controlled Trial J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., January 1, 2008; 90(1): 23 - 33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Cernak, V. Stevens, R. Price, and A. Shumway-Cook Locomotor Training Using Body-Weight Support on a Treadmill in Conjunction With Ongoing Physical Therapy in a Child With Severe Cerebellar Ataxia Physical Therapy, January 1, 2008; 88(1): 88 - 97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-Y. Lim, J.-H. Koh, and N.-J. Paik Intramuscular Botulinum Toxin-A Reduces Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Study Versus Intraarticular Triamcinolone Acetonide Stroke, January 1, 2008; 39(1): 126 - 131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-C. Lin, C.-Y. Wu, T.-H. Wei, C. Gung, C.-Y. Lee, and J.-S. Liu Effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on reach-to-grasp movements and functional performance after chronic stroke: a randomized controlled study Clinical Rehabilitation, December 1, 2007; 21(12): 1075 - 1086. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Que, P. J. Siddall, and M. J. Cousins Pain Management in a Patient With Intractable Spinal Cord Injury Pain: A Case Report and Literature Review Anesth. Analg., November 1, 2007; 105(5): 1462 - 1473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-y. Wu, K.-c. Lin, H.-c. Chen, I-h. Chen, and W.-h. Hong Effects of Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Movement Kinematics and Daily Function in Patients With Stroke: A Kinematic Study of Motor Control Mechanisms Neurorehabil Neural Repair, October 1, 2007; 21(5): 460 - 466. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Bassan, C. Limperopoulos, K. Visconti, D. L. Mayer, H. A. Feldman, L. Avery, C. B. Benson, J. Stewart, S. A. Ringer, J. S. Soul, et al. Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Survivors of Periventricular Hemorrhagic Infarction Pediatrics, October 1, 2007; 120(4): 785 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Mirbagheri, K. Settle, R. Harvey, and W. Z. Rymer Neuromuscular Abnormalities Associated With Spasticity of Upper Extremity Muscles in Hemiparetic Stroke J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2007; 98(2): 629 - 637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P Yelnik, F. M Colle, I. V Bonan, and E. Vicaut Treatment of shoulder pain in spastic hemiplegia by reducing spasticity of the subscapular muscle: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of botulinum toxin A J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, August 1, 2007; 78(8): 845 - 848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Bjornson, R. Hays, C. Graubert, R. Price, F. Won, J. F. McLaughlin, and M. Cohen Botulinum Toxin for Spasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Comprehensive Evaluation Pediatrics, July 1, 2007; 120(1): 49 - 58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J Page and P. Levine Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy in Patients With Chronic Stroke Exhibiting Minimal Movement Ability in the Affected Arm Physical Therapy, July 1, 2007; 87(7): 872 - 878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Ozcakir and K. Sivrioglu Botulinum Toxin in Poststroke Spasticity Clin. Med. Res., June 1, 2007; 5(2): 132 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M Wagner, C. E Lang, S. A Sahrmann, D. F Edwards, and A. W Dromerick Sensorimotor Impairments and Reaching Performance in Subjects With Poststroke Hemiparesis During the First Few Months of Recovery Physical Therapy, June 1, 2007; 87(6): 751 - 765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. D. Sanger, A. Bastian, J. Brunstrom, D. Damiano, M. Delgado, L. Dure, D. Gaebler-Spira, A. Hoon, J. W. Mink, S. Sherman-Levine, et al. Prospective Open-Label Clinical Trial of Trihexyphenidyl in Children With Secondary Dystonia due to Cerebral Palsy J Child Neurol, May 1, 2007; 22(5): 530 - 537. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Miller, P. Mattison, L. Paul, and L. Wood The effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on spasticity in multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, May 1, 2007; 13(4): 527 - 533. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Takeuchi, T. Tada, T. Chuma, Y. Matsuo, and K. Ikoma Disinhibition of the Premotor Cortex Contributes to a Maladaptive Change in the Affected Hand After Stroke Stroke, May 1, 2007; 38(5): 1551 - 1556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. N. Russo, M. Crotty, M. D. Miller, S. Murchland, P. Flett, and E. Haan Upper-Limb Botulinum Toxin A Injection and Occupational Therapy in Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy Identified From a Population Register: A Single-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial Pediatrics, May 1, 2007; 119(5): e1149 - e1158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Giovannelli, G. Borriello, P. Castri, L. Prosperini, and C. Pozzilli Early physiotherapy after injection of botulinum toxin increases the beneficial effects on spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis Clinical Rehabilitation, April 1, 2007; 21(4): 331 - 337. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Page, P. Levine, and A. Leonard Mental Practice in Chronic Stroke: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Stroke, April 1, 2007; 38(4): 1293 - 1297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Centonze, G. Koch, V. Versace, F. Mori, S. Rossi, L. Brusa, K. Grossi, F. Torelli, C. Prosperetti, A. Cervellino, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex ameliorates spasticity in multiple sclerosis Neurology, March 27, 2007; 68(13): 1045 - 1050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Bertrand, C. Mercier, D. Bourbonnais, J. Desrosiers, and D. Gravel Reliability of maximal static strength measurements of the arms in subjects with hemiparesis Clinical Rehabilitation, March 1, 2007; 21(3): 248 - 257. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Giesser, J. Beres-Jones, A. Budovitch, E. Herlihy, and S. Harkema Locomotor training using body weight support on a treadmill improves mobility in persons with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study Multiple Sclerosis, March 1, 2007; 13(2): 224 - 231. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. D. Sanger, S. N. Kukke, and S. Sherman-Levine Botulinum Toxin Type B Improves the Speed of Reaching in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Arm Dystonia: An Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Pilot Study J Child Neurol, January 1, 2007; 22(1): 116 - 122. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Stinear, P. A. Barber, P. R. Smale, J. P. Coxon, M. K. Fleming, and W. D. Byblow Functional potential in chronic stroke patients depends on corticospinal tract integrity Brain, January 1, 2007; 130(1): 170 - 180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E Harris and J. J Eng Paretic Upper-Limb Strength Best Explains Arm Activity in People With Stroke Physical Therapy, January 1, 2007; 87(1): 88 - 97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. Lang, J. M. Wagner, D. F. Edwards, S. A. Sahrmann, and A. W. Dromerick Recovery of Grasp versus Reach in People with Hemiparesis Poststroke Neurorehabil Neural Repair, December 1, 2006; 20(4): 444 - 454. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J L Sheehan, U Winzeler-Mercay, and M H Mudie A randomized controlled pilot study to obtain the best estimate of the size of the effect of a thermoplastic resting splint on spasticity in the stroke-affected wrist and fingers Clinical Rehabilitation, December 1, 2006; 20(12): 1032 - 1037. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. El, O. Peker, C. Kosay, L. Iyilikci, O. Bozan, and H. Berk Botulinum Toxin A Injection for Spasticity in Diplegic-Type Cerebral Palsy J Child Neurol, December 1, 2006; 21(12): 1009 - 1012. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. K. L. Yam and M. S. M. Leung Interrater Reliability of Modified Ashworth Scale and Modified Tardieu Scale in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy J Child Neurol, December 1, 2006; 21(12): 1031 - 1035. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Church, C. Price, A. D. Pandyan, S. Huntley, R. Curless, and H. Rodgers Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Surface Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation to the Shoulder After Acute Stroke Stroke, December 1, 2006; 37(12): 2995 - 3001. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Olsson, M. Kruger, L.-H. Meyer, L. Ahnlund, L. Gransberg, W. A. Linke, and L. Larsson Fibre type-specific increase in passive muscle tension in spinal cord-injured subjects with spasticity J. Physiol., November 15, 2006; 577(1): 339 - 352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Harris and J. J. Eng Individuals with the Dominant Hand Affected following Stroke Demonstrate Less Impairment Than Those with the Nondominant Hand Affected Neurorehabil Neural Repair, September 1, 2006; 20(3): 380 - 389. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Wagner, C. E. Lang, S. A. Sahrmann, Q. Hu, A. J. Bastian, D. F. Edwards, and A. W. Dromerick Relationships between Sensorimotor Impairments and Reaching Deficits in Acute Hemiparesis Neurorehabil Neural Repair, September 1, 2006; 20(3): 406 - 416. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Morris, A. Perry, B. Bilney, A. Curran, K. Dodd, J. E. Wittwer, and G. W. Dalton Outcomes of Physical Therapy, Speech Pathology, and Occupational Therapy for People with Motor Neuron Disease: A Systematic Review Neurorehabil Neural Repair, September 1, 2006; 20(3): 424 - 434. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Ohata, T. Tsuboyama, N. Ichihashi, and S. Minami Measurement of Muscle Thickness as Quantitative Muscle Evaluation for Adults With Severe Cerebral Palsy Physical Therapy, September 1, 2006; 86(9): 1231 - 1239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Schule, T. Holland-Letz, S. Klimpe, J. Kassubek, T. Klopstock, V. Mall, S. Otto, B. Winner, and L. Schols The Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS): A reliable and valid measure of disease severity Neurology, August 8, 2006; 67(3): 430 - 434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L D de Jong, A Nieuwboer, and G Aufdemkampe Contracture preventive positioning of the hemiplegic arm in subacute stroke patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial Clinical Rehabilitation, August 1, 2006; 20(8): 656 - 667. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. Park, C. I. Park, H. C. Chang, C. W. Park, and D. S. Lee The effect of botulinum toxin type A injection into the gastrocnemius muscle on sit-to-stand transfer in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy Clinical Rehabilitation, August 1, 2006; 20(8): 668 - 674. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E Grasel, R Schmidt, J Biehler, and W Schupp Long-term effects of the intensification of the transition between inpatient neurological rehabilitation and home care of stroke patients Clinical Rehabilitation, July 1, 2006; 20(7): 577 - 583. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-L. Ho, K. G Holt, E. Saltzman, and R. C Wagenaar Functional Electrical Stimulation Changes Dynamic Resources in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy Physical Therapy, July 1, 2006; 86(7): 987 - 1000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. T. S. Kumar, A. D. Pandyan, and A. K. Sharma Biomechanical measurement of post-stroke spasticity Age Ageing, July 1, 2006; 35(4): 371 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Ciccarelli, T. E. Behrens, D. R. Altmann, R. W. Orrell, R. S. Howard, H. Johansen-Berg, D. H. Miller, P. M. Matthews, and A. J. Thompson Probabilistic diffusion tractography: a potential tool to assess the rate of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Brain, July 1, 2006; 129(7): 1859 - 1871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Raghavan, J. W. Krakauer, and A. M. Gordon Impaired anticipatory control of fingertip forces in patients with a pure motor or sensorimotor lacunar syndrome Brain, June 1, 2006; 129(6): 1415 - 1425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Reeuwijk, P. E. van Schie, J. G Becher, and G. Kwakkel Effects of botulinum toxin type A on upper limb function in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review Clinical Rehabilitation, May 1, 2006; 20(5): 375 - 387. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Mehrholz, K. Rutte, and M. Pohl Jump training is feasible for nearly ambulatory patients after stroke Clinical Rehabilitation, May 1, 2006; 20(5): 406 - 412. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Gustafsson and K. McKenna A programme of static positional stretches does not reduce hemiplegic shoulder pain or maintain shoulder range of motion -a randomized controlled trial Clinical Rehabilitation, April 1, 2006; 20(4): 277 - 286. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Griffin and J. Bernhardt Strapping the hemiplegic shoulder prevents development of pain during rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial Clinical Rehabilitation, April 1, 2006; 20(4): 287 - 295. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Pohl and J. Mehrholz Immediate effects of an individually designed functional ankle-foot orthosis on stance and gait in hemiparetic patients Clinical Rehabilitation, April 1, 2006; 20(4): 324 - 330. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W Nolan, L. L Cole, and G. S Liptak Use of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Children With Cerebral Palsy Physical Therapy, April 1, 2006; 86(4): 573 - 584. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Gordon, J. Charles, and S. L. Wolf Efficacy of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Involved Upper-Extremity Use in Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy Is Not Age-Dependent Pediatrics, March 1, 2006; 117(3): e363 - e373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Patrick and L. Ada The Tardieu Scale differentiates contracture from spasticity whereas the Ashworth Scale is confounded by it Clinical Rehabilitation, February 1, 2006; 20(2): 173 - 182. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
