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PHYS THER
Vol. 89, No. 9, September 2009, pp. 993-995
DOI: 10.2522/ptj.2009.89.9.993
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Letters and Responses

On "Effects of forced use on arm function in the subacute phase..." Hammer AM, Lindmark B. Phys Ther. 2009;89:526–539.


Because this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the full text and any section headings.

The recent article by Hammer and Lindmark1 is an excellent demonstration of a research design that honors attention to detail on a topic of growing interest within the physical therapy community: upper-extremity stroke rehabilitation. Because my colleagues and I were instrumental in coining the term "forced use" as a treatment mode for home-based and self-directed upper-extremity rehabilitation,2,3 this article is of particular interest to us.

Forced use has been differentiated from a more-detailed approach, called "constraint induced movement therapy" (CIMT), in that forced use does not require individualized training but stipulates home-based task practice, during which a sling or mitt still supports the less-impaired upper extremity or secures the hand to eliminate grasp for most waking hours. The CIMT approach includes intense supervised training that emphasizes repetitive task practice and behavioral shaping.4,5 Unlike the apparent description from Hammer and Lindmark, forced use was intended to be undertaken in the home . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Steven L. Wolf

S.L. Wolf, PT, PhD, FAPTA, FAHA, is Professor, Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine and Medicine, and Associate Professor, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine; Professor, Health and Elder Care, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing at Emory University; Senior Research Scientist, Atlanta VA Rehab R&D Center.


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