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Puckering and Blowing Facial Expressions in People With Facial Movement Disorders

RL Denlinger, BS, is Research Assistant, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
JM VanSwearingen, PT, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh.
JF Cohn, PhD, is Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh.
KL Schmidt, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 121 University Pl, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA).

Address all correspondence to Dr Schmidt at: kschmidt{at}pitt.edu

Background and Purpose: People with facial movement disorders are instructed to perform various facial movements as part of their physical therapy rehabilitation. A difference in the movement of the orbicularis oris muscle has been demonstrated among people without facial nerve impairments when instructed to "pucker your lips" and to "blow, as if blowing out a candle." The objective of this study was to determine whether the within-subject difference between "pucker your lips" and "blow, as if blowing out a candle" found in people without facial nerve impairments is present in people with facial movement disorders.

Subjects and Methods: People (N=68) with unilateral facial movement disorders were observed as they produced puckering and blowing movements. Automated facial image analysis of both puckering and blowing was used to determine the difference between facial actions for the following movement variables: maximum speed, amplitude, duration, and corresponding asymmetry.

Results: There was a difference between the amplitudes of movement for puckering and blowing. "Blow, as if blowing out a candle" produced a larger amplitude of movement.

Discussion and Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that puckering and blowing movements in people with facial movement disorders differ in a manner that is consistent with differences found in people who are healthy. This information may be useful in the assessment of and intervention for facial movement disorders affecting the lower face.

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This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. Halili On "Puckering and blowing facial expressions..." Denlinger RL, et al. Phys Ther. 2008;88:909-915. Physical Therapy, October 1, 2008; 88(10): 1231 - 1231. [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L Schmidt, R. L Denlinger, J. M VanSwearingen, and J. F Cohn Author Response Physical Therapy, October 1, 2008; 88(10): 1231 - 1232. [Full Text] [PDF]