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Continence and Quality-of-Life Outcomes 6 Months Following an Intensive Pelvic-Floor Muscle Exercise Program for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Trial Comparing Low- and High-Frequency Maintenance Exercise

DF Borello-France, PT, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, 111 Health Sciences Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 (USA)
PA Downey, PT, PhD, DPT, OCS, is Associate Professor, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
HM Zyczynski, MD, is Director of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
CR Rause, MSN, CRNP, is Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Division of Gynecology Specialties, University of Pittsburgh Physicians, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Address all correspondence to Dr Borello-France at: borellofrance{at}duq.edu

Background and Objectives: Few studies have examined the effectiveness of pelvic-floor muscle (PFM) exercises to reduce female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) over the long term. This study: (1) evaluated continence and quality-of-life outcomes of women 6 months following formalized therapy and (2) determined whether low- and high-frequency maintenance exercise programs were equivalent in sustaining outcomes.

Subjects and Methods: Thirty-six women with SUI who completed an intensive PFM exercise intervention trial were randomly assigned to perform a maintenance exercise program either 1 or 4 times per week. Urine leaks per week, volume of urine loss, quality of life (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire [IIQ] score), PFM strength (Brink score), and prevalence of urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) were measured at a 6-month follow-up for comparison with postintervention status. Parametric and nonparametric statistics were used to determine differences in outcome status over time and between exercise frequency groups.

Results: Twenty-eight women provided follow-up data. Postintervention status was sustained at 6 months for all outcomes (mean [SD] urine leaks per week=1.2±2.1 versus 1.4±3.1; mean [SD] urine loss=0.2±0.5 g versus 0.2±0.8 g; mean [SD] IIQ score=17±20 versus 22±30; mean [SD] Brink score=11±1 versus 11±1; and prevalence of USI=48% versus 35%). Women assigned to perform exercises once or 4 times per week similarly sustained their postintervention status.

Discussion and Conclusions: Benefits of an initial intensive intervention program for SUI were sustained over 6 months. However, only 15 of the 28 women provided documentation of their exercise adherence, limiting conclusions regarding the need for continued PFM exercise during follow-up intervals of 6 months.

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