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Lengthening the Hamstring Muscles Without Stretching Using "Awareness Through Movement"

J Stephens, PT, PhD, CFP, is Assistant Professor, Physical Therapy Department, College of Health Professions, Temple University, 3307 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140 (USA). Dr Stephens is a Certified Feldenkrais Practitioner (CFP) and member of the Feldenkrais Guild of North America (FGNA). He has served as Chair of the Research Committee of FGNA. There are no financial ties
J Davidson, PT, DPT, CSCS, is Sports Physical Therapist, Golf Performance Specialist, and Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist, The Sports Medicine and Performance Center at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, King of Prussia, Pa
J DeRosa, PT, MSPT, is Owner/Physical Therapist, Eastern Shore Physical Therapy, Linwood, NJ
M Kriz, PT, MSPT, is Staff Physical Therapist, Bonita Springs Sports and Physical Therapy, Bonita Springs, Fla
N Saltzman, PT, MSPT, is Physical Therapist, Physical Therapy Consultant Group, Scottsdale, Ariz

Address all correspondence to Dr Stephens at: jstephen{at}temple.edu

Background and Purpose. Passive stretching is widely used to increase muscle flexibility, but it has been shown that this process does not produce long-term changes in the viscoelastic properties of muscle as originally thought. The authors tested a method of lengthening hamstring muscles called "Awareness Through Movement" (ATM) that does not use passive stretching. Subjects. Thirty-three subjects who were randomly assigned to ATM and control groups met the screening criteria and completed the intervention phase of the study. Methods. The ATM group went through a process of learning complex active movements designed to increase length in the hamstring muscles. Hamstring muscle length was measured before and after intervention using the Active Knee Extension Test. Results. The ATM group gained significantly more hamstring muscle length (+7.04°) compared with the control group (+1.15°). Discussion and Conclusions. The results suggest that muscle length can be increased through a process of active movement that does not involve stretching. Further research is needed to investigate this finding.

Key Words: Awareness Through Movement • Feldenkrais method • Hamstring • Muscle lengthening • Stretching

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