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Relationships Between Walk/Run Performance and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents Who Are Overweight

B Drinkard, PT, MSPT, CCS, is Senior Physical Therapist, Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892 (USA) (bart_drinkard{at}nih.gov). Address all correspondence to Mr Drinkard
J McDuffie, PhD, is Postdoctoral Fellow, Unit on Growth and Obesity, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHHD), NIH
S McCann, BA, is Research Trainee, Unit on Growth and Obesity, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, and Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH
G Uwaifo, MD, is Clinical Fellow, Unit on Growth and Obesity, Developmental Endocrinology Branch
J Nicholson, MD, is Clinical Research Trainee, Unit on Growth and Obesity, Developmental Endocrinology Branch
JA Yanovski, MD, PhD, is Chief, Unit on Growth and Obesity, Developmental Endocrinology Branch
Dr Yanovski and Mr Drinkard are commissioned officers in the US Public Health Service
Mr Drinkard, Dr McDuffie, and Dr Yanovski provided concept/research design. Mr Drinkard, Dr McDuffie, Dr Uwaifo, and Dr Yanovski provided writing. Mr Drinkard, Dr McDuffie, Dr Nicholson, and Dr Yanovski provided data collection, and Dr Yanovski, Dr McDuffie, and Ms McCann provided data analysis. Dr Yanovski, Ms McCann, and Dr Uwaifo provided project management. Dr Yanovski provided fund procurement, subjects, and institutional liaisons. Mr Drinkard provided facilities/equipment. The authors thank Susan Mihans, PT, for her assistance in conducting the study

Background and Purpose. Little is known about the methods used to assess the physical fitness of adolescents who are overweight. We investigated the relationship between walk/run performance and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents who are overweight. Subjects. Eight African-American adolescents (5 female, 3 male) and 10 Caucasian adolescents (5 female, 5 male) who were overweight (mean age=14.5 years, SD=2.0, range=12–17; mean body mass index [BMI]=42.9 kg/m², SD=11.5) participated in this study. Methods. Subjects performed a 12-minute walk/run test. The distances traveled at both 9 minutes (D₉) and 12 minutes (D₁₂) were recorded, and the distance traveled between 9 and 12 minutes (D_9–12) was calculated. Subjects also completed a maximal cycle ergometry test, during which peak oxygen uptake (O₂peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), peak power (Wpeak), and power at the anaerobic threshold (WAT) were determined. Body composition was determined by air displacement plethysmography. Results. The mean percentage of body fat was 48.6% (SD=5.3%, range=40.3%–60.4%). Percentage of body fat and BMI were each inversely related to D₉, D₁₂, and O₂peak (all P<.005). Peak oxygen uptake (r=.72, P=.0001), O₂peak/kg lean body mass (r=.60, P<.005), Wpeak (r=.88, P<.0001), and WAT (r=.72, P=.0007) were all related to D₁₂, with greater r values than for D₉. If D_9–12was included in regression analyses, D₉ did not account for additional variance in any of the cycle ergometry variables. Discussion and Conclusion. These results suggest that an easily obtained measurement of physical performance (distance traveled during a 12-minute walk/run test) is related to cardiorespiratory fitness and to body composition in adolescents who are overweight. The 12-minute walk/run distance is more predictive of cycle ergometry test results than the 9-minute distance.

Key Words: Adolescence • Body adiposity • Exercise testing • Obesity • Physical fitness • Walking

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