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Comparison of the University of California–Los Angeles Shoulder Scale and the Simple Shoulder Test With the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index: Single-Administration Reliability and Validity

TS Roddey, PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, is Associate Professor, School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, 1130 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 (USA) (hg_roddey{at}twu.edu). She was a doctoral student, School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, and Research Fellow, Texas Orthopedic Hospital, Houston, Tex, at the time this research was conducted. Address all correspondence to Dr Roddey
SL Olson, PT, PhD, is Associate Professor, School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University
KF Cook, PhD, is Psychometrician, Center for Healthy Aging (a VA Rehab R&D Center of Excellence), Houston, Tex, and Assistant Professor, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
GM Gartsman, MD, is Orthopedic Surgeon, Fondren Orthopedic Group, Houston, Tex
W Hanten, PT, EdD, is Professor, School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University
Dr Roddey, Dr Olson, and Dr Cook provided concept/research design, writing, and data analysis. Dr Roddey and Dr Gartsman provided data collection, Dr Roddey provided project management, and Dr Gartsman provided subjects. Dr Olson, Dr Cook, and Dr Hanten provided consultation (including review of manuscript before submission). The authors acknowledge the Rehabilitation Department of Texas Orthopedic Hospital for their support and the assistance of the employees of the Fondren Orthopedic Group with this project

Background and Purpose. Shoulder scales are often used to evaluate treatment efficacy, yet little is known about the psychometric properties of these scales. Only one scale has undergone psychometric scrutiny: the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). This study compared 2 shoulder measures—the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Scale and the Simple Shoulder Test (SST)—with the SPADI. Subjects. One hundred ninety-two patients with shoulder disorders were recruited from one physician's office to complete the self-report sections of the 3 scales. Methods. Cronbach alpha values and standard errors of measurement (SEM) were calculated for each of the multi-item subscales. Validity was examined through calculation of correlation coefficients among the 3 scales. Factor analysis was completed to assess the underlying constructs of the SPADI and the SST. Results. Cronbach alpha values ranged from .85 to .95. The SEM values for the multi-item scales ranged from 4.75 to 11.65. Evidence for validity to reflect function was indicated by the correlation between the SST and the SPADI disability subscale. The factor analysis of the SPADI revealed loading on 1 factor, whereas the SST loaded on 2 factors. Conclusion and Discussion. All scales demonstrated good internal consistency, suggesting that all items for each scale measure the same construct. However, the SEMs for all scales were high. Factor loading was inconsistent, suggesting that patients may not distinguish between pain and function.

Key Words: Outcome assessment (health care) • Psychometrics • Shoulder • Shoulder joint

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