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Cardiopulmonary Responses of Middle-Aged Men Without Cardiopulmonary Disease to Steady-Rate Positive and Negative Work Performed on a Cycle Ergometer

F Chung, PT, is Section Head, Surgical and Critical Care Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Department, Burnaby Hospital, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. This study was completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Mr Chung's Master of Science degree
E Dean, PhD, PT, is Professor, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, T325-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3 (elizdean{at}rehab.ubc.ca). Address all correspondence to Dr Dean
J Ross, PT, is Section Head, Critical Care, Rehabilitation Services, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Background and Purpose. Understanding physiological responses to negative work allows therapists to be more knowledgeable when they prescribe this form of exercise. The physiological responses of 12 men without cardiopulmonary disease, aged 39 to 65 years (=49.7, SD=9.3), to negative work (eccentric muscle contractions) and to positive work (concentric muscle contractions) were compared. Subjects and Methods. Subjects performed the 2 types of work on a motorized cycle ergometer at pedaling frequencies of 35, 55, and 75 rpm with a constant power output of 60 W. Steady-rate values of oxygen consumption (O₂), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (E), tidal volume (VT), and breathing frequency (fb) were obtained during 6 test conditions (positive and negative work at each of the 3 pedaling frequencies). Results. Values for all measures were greater during positive work than during negative work, except for fb. During positive work, values for all variables were greatest at 75 rpm, except for fb. During negative work, O₂ and HR were greater at 75 and 35 rpm than at 55 rpm, and E and VT were greater at 75 rpm than at 55 rpm. Breathing frequency was not different among pedaling frequencies. Conclusion and Discussion. The results confirmed that negative work performed on a cycle ergometer is associated with low metabolic cost in older men without cardiopulmonary disease. Although E was determined primarily by changes in VT during negative work, a comparable disproportionate increase in fb was observed at the start of negative work. Such changes in breathing patterns have implications for the prescription of negative work for patients with lung disease.

Key Words: Cardiopulmonary responses • Concentric contraction • Cycle ergometry • Eccentric contraction • Negative work • Older men • Positive work • Speed

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