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Accuracy of Observational Kinematic Assessment of Upper-Limb Movements

J Bernhardt, PT, is a doctoral candidate in the Schools of Physiotherapy and Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. She completed this research in partial fulfillment of her degree requirements.
PJ Bate, PhD, PT, is Senior Lecturer, School of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University.
TA Matyas, PhD, is Reader, School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University.

Background and Purpose. This study investigated the accuracy of physical therapists' visual judgments about kinematic features of the upper-limb movements of people without neurological impairments and people with neurological impairments following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Subjects. Ten experienced physical therapists served as observers. Eleven people with a primary diagnosis of cortical or subcortical CVA and 4 older individuals without neurological impairments participated as "performers." Methods. The performers were videotaped as they completed a transport task. Three videotapes were edited to form three physical scales of peak movement speed, jerkiness, and hand path indirectness. On two occasions, therapists viewed these videotapes and made judgments about each performance on visual analog scales. Therapists' visual judgments were then compared with criterion measures determined by three-dimensional instrumented analysis. Results. The accuracy of the therapists' judgments was investigated using regression methods. Therapists were able to make moderately to highly accurate judgments of movement speed (r.87), jerkiness (r.78), and hand path indirectness (r.68). These judgments remained highly stable over time (r.82). Differences in therapists' judgment models, evident from slope and intercept variability in the regression models, were reflected in lower intertherapist agreement (intraclass correlation coefficients=.65–.85). Conclusion and Discussion. Experienced physical therapists accurately and reliably judged kinematic aspects of performance using observational assessment. Observational kinematic assessment warrants further systematic investigation.

Key Words: Assessment • Cerebrovascular disorders • Kinematics • Observational assessment • Reliability • Upper limb • Validity

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