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PHYS THER
Vol. 77, No. 4, April 1997, p. 369
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Rob Karas, Greg McIntosh, Hamilton Hall, Lynda Wilson and Tony Melles

This excerpt was created in the absence of an abstract.

We thank the Conference participants for their important discussion of our study's implications and for providing perspective on their own clinical experience with respect to Waddell's nonorganic signs and centralization.

Much of the discussion relates to our definition of centralization. We agree that McKenzie's definition is inadequate for most clinical trials. The challenge we face lies in obtaining a consensus regarding the definition.

When terms are undefined or ambiguous, interpretation of study results is obfuscated. Inconsistent use of terms by different researchers creates difficulty for comparison across studies. Until standardized definitions exist, it is imperative that authors carefully operationally define the terms within the context of their study.

The term "outcome" is a salient example of a poorly and disparately defined entity. Return to work is one of several important outcome measures because of its economic and sociological impact....


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Copyright © 1997 by the American Physical Therapy Association.