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Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Neuromotor and Cognitive Development During Early Childhood: A Series of Case Reports

SR Harris, PhD, PT, FAPTA, is Associate Professor, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, T325-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2B5, and Faculty Clinical Associate, Sunny Hill Hospital for Children, 3644 Slocan St, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5M 3E8.
JA Osborn, PT, is a graduate student, Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.
J Weinberg, PhD, is Professor, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia.
C Loock, MD, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia.
K Junaid, PT, is Section Head of Physiotherapy, Sunny Hill Hospital for Children.

The purpose of this article is to present a series of case reports of infants and young children who were exposed to alcohol prenatally. The five infants and two 5-year-old twins in this series all presented facial features characteristic of prenatal alcohol exposure, and all had medical histories of maternal alcohol abuse. The neuromotor and cognitive development of these seven children is described by presenting results of standardized tests administered longitudinally. In addition, clinical observations of growth, behavior, feeding, and musculoskeletal development are provided. Following a discussion of these assessment results, implications for physical therapy intervention and the need for clinical research are provided. Because children with fetal alcohol syndrome or alcohol-related birth defects present a spectrum of developmental differences that often include areas of concern to physical therapists, we need to increase our involvement in the assessment and treatment of these children as well as in research efforts to examine the efficacy of these interventions.

Key Words: Cognitive development • Fetal alcohol syndrome • Neuromotor development

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