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Trunk Kinematics During Locomotor Activities

DE Krebs, PhD, PT, is Associate Professor, MGH Institute of Health Professions, 15 River St, Boston, MA 02108-3402 (USA).
D Wong, MD, PT, is Resident in Rehabilitation Medicine, Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, 585 Schenectady Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203. He was an NIDRR Advanced Rehabilitation Fellow at the MGH/MIT Rehab Engineering Center when this work was conducted.
D Jevsevar, MD, is Resident in Orthopaedics, Tufts New England Medical Center, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111. He was an NIDRR Advanced Rehabilitation Fellow at the MGH/MIT Rehab Engineering Center when this work was conducted.
PO Riley, PhD, is Technical Director, MGH Biomotion Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.
WA Hodge, MD, is Assistant in Orthopaedics, Massachusetts General Hospital.

We investigated upper-body (ie, trunk) angular kinematics (motions) during gait, stair climbing and descending, and rising from a chair in two reference frames—relative to the pelvis and to room coordinates. Bilateral kinematic data were collected from 11 healthy subjects (6 female, 5 male), who were 27 to 88 years of age (=58.9, SD=17.9). During stair climbing, maximum trunk flexion relative to the room was at least double that during stair descending and gait. Arising from a chair required the most trunk flexion/extension range of motion (ROM) but the least abduction/adduction and medial/lateral (internal/external) rotation. Trunk ROM during gait was small (12°) and consistent with previous literature. Trunk range of motion relative to the room during stair climbing and descending was greater than trunk ROM during gait in all planes. The pelvis and trunk rotate in the transverse plane in greater synchrony during stair descending (=8.1°, SD=5.6°) than during gait (=12.0°, SD=4.2°). For all activities, trunk frontal and sagittal ROM relative to the pelvis was greater than that relative to the room coordinates. This finding suggests that trunk/pelvis coordination may be used to reduce potentially destabilizing anti-gravity trunk motions during daily activities. We conclude that upper-body kinematics relative to both pelvis and gravity during daily activities are important to locomotor control and should be considered in future studies of patients with locomotor disabilities.

Key Words: Gait • Kinematics • Locomotion • Spinal mobility impairment

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