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Physiology and Therapeutic Implications of Negative Work: A Review

E. Dean, PhD, is Assistant Professor, School of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1W5.

Energy efficiency is an important attribute of negative work (Wneg). Eccentric muscle contractions characteristic of Wneg can generate greater force at reduced oxygen cost and perceived exertion compared with concentric muscle contractions in positive work (Wpos). Thus, activities incorporating Wneg could have important implications in improving the functional capacity of an individual with limited physiologic reserves or ability to use these reserves. Other characteristics of Wneg such as muscle trauma or soreness and increased total heat production and cutaneous blood flow, however, may be countertherapeutic and even hazardous. The purpose of this review is to describe the physiology and therapeutic implications of Wneg. Because the body of knowledge with respect to the therapeutic effects of Wneg is relatively scant compared with Wpos, clinical trials are needed to establish the indications, contraindications, possible limitations, guidelines for prescription, and therapeutic efficacy of Wneg.

Key Words: Energy expenditure • Exercise, general • Kinetics • Muscle performance, general • Physical therapy

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