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Evaluation of Children with Down Syndrome Who Participated in an Early Intervention Program: Second Follow-up Study

Dr. Connolly is Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Program in Physical Therapy, University of Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences, 800 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, and Chief of Physical Therapy, Child Development Center, 711 Jefferson Ave, Memphis, TN 38105 (USA).
Dr. Morgan is Professor and Director of Clinical Psychology, Memphis State University, Memphis, TN 38152.
Mrs. Russell is Chief of Nursing, Child Development Center, University of Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences, and Associate Professor of Nursing, Child Development.

The long-term effects of an early intervention program (EIP) on the motor, cognitive, and adaptive functioning of children with Down syndrome were examined. The cognitive and adaptive functioning was compared with a group of children with Down syndrome who had not participated in an EIP. The motor functioning was compared with the normative sample used in the development of the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. The children were assessed using the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, the Vineland Social Maturity Scale, and either the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency or the Gesell Schedules of Motor Development. Results revealed that the children in the EIP earned significantly higher scores (p <.0005, p <.05) on the measures of intellectual and adaptive functioning than did the children of comparable age who did not participate in an EIP. The children in the EIP did not show the decline typically seen with age in intellectual and adaptive functioning in children with Down syndrome. The children in the EIP were below expected age levels in gross (77.7%) and fine motor skills (58.3%) but had mean fine motor skill levels that exceeded their mean gross motor skill levels (50%). Based on the results, EIPs for children with Down syndrome appear to provide a foundation for subsequent learning and development.

Key Words: Child development disorders • Down syndrome • Education of mentally retarded • Research

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