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Muscle Biology and Physical Therapy: A Historical Perspective

This excerpt was created in the absence of an abstract.

A historical review of treatment strategies used by physical therapists reveals that initially therapists emphasized corrective exercise^{1, 2} and reeducation of muscles for the return of function.³ Muscle was equally emphasized in treating a variety of patients, for example, those with war injuries, polio, posture problems, and CNS lesions. The pioneers in physical therapy focused primarily on muscle, using their knowledge of gross and functional anatomy and, to a lesser extent, what was known about muscle physiology. The first physical therapists used palpation and manual muscle testing to evaluate muscle.^{2, 4–6} As the profession matured, therapists began to examine the action of muscles in terms of axes and vectors.^{2, 7–9} Combining their knowledge of mechanics with their knowledge of gross anatomy, therapists were then able to perform basic kinesiological analyses by examining the line of pull of various muscles throughout an arc of movement.

Key Words: Muscle biology • Physical therapy

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